10 min read
Paper and board LCA: pulping route, recovered fibre and the energy balance
A paper mill is both a large energy consumer and a potential energy producer. Kraft, recovered fibre and the black liquor balance.
Read morewater footprint
Every clca article tagged “water footprint” — 3 technical pieces covering the topic from methodology, standards interpretation and practical application angles.
3 articles
11 min read
Textile LCA: fibre choice, wet processing and the Digital Product Passport
Most textile impact concentrates in fibre production and wet processing. The use stage, the water footprint and the data obligation the DPP will bring.
Read more10 min readData & Methods
ISO 14046 water footprint: withdrawn water is not consumed water
Counting litres is not a water footprint. Scarcity weighting, the consumption-versus-degradation split, and regional sensitivity.
Read moreRelated topics
- fundamentals20
- data quality15
- EN 1580412
- CBAM11
- building LCA10
- EPD10
- embodied carbon9
- sector LCA9
- ecoinvent8
- Scope 38
- construction product EPD7
- life cycle assessment7
- recycled content7
- corporate carbon footprint6
- biogenic carbon5
- embedded emissions5
- functional unit5
- ISO 140405
- carbon footprint5
- verification5
- carbon pricing4
- circular economy4
- CSRD4
- EN 159784
- end-of-life scenario4
- environmental claim4
- EPD program operator4
- green building4
- impact categories4
- Module D4
- CO2 equivalent3
- data collection3
- Digital Product Passport3
- electricity emission factor3
- emission factor3
- energy efficiency3
- environmental regulation3
- export compliance3
- green building certification3
- uncertainty analysis3
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