10 min read
Whole life carbon: reading the A, B, C and D modules together
Optimising embodied and operational carbon separately gives the wrong answer. Cross-module trade-offs and the right place for Module D.
Read moreEN 15978
Every clca article tagged “EN 15978” — 4 technical pieces covering the topic from methodology, standards interpretation and practical application angles.
4 articles
12 min read
Building LCA under EN 15978: end-to-end from data collection to result
A building LCA is the work of assembling product EPDs. The bill of quantities, scenario definitions and setting the reference study period.
Read more11 min read
What is embodied carbon? Definition, boundaries and benchmarks at building scale
As operational carbon falls, embodied carbon has become the dominant share. Which modules count, and which benchmarks apply?
Read more10 min readStandards
EN 15978 (buildings) vs EN 15804 (products) — which one when?
EN 15804 produces product-level EPDs; EN 15978 assesses an entire building. How do the two complement each other?
Read moreRelated topics
- fundamentals20
- data quality15
- EN 1580412
- CBAM11
- building LCA10
- EPD10
- embodied carbon9
- sector LCA9
- ecoinvent8
- Scope 38
- construction product EPD7
- life cycle assessment7
- recycled content7
- corporate carbon footprint6
- biogenic carbon5
- embedded emissions5
- functional unit5
- ISO 140405
- carbon footprint5
- verification5
- carbon pricing4
- circular economy4
- CSRD4
- end-of-life scenario4
- environmental claim4
- EPD program operator4
- green building4
- impact categories4
- Module D4
- CO2 equivalent3
- data collection3
- Digital Product Passport3
- electricity emission factor3
- emission factor3
- energy efficiency3
- environmental regulation3
- export compliance3
- green building certification3
- uncertainty analysis3
- PCR3
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