Every clca article tagged “circular economy” — 8 technical pieces covering the topic from methodology, standards interpretation and practical application angles.
8 articles
The same tonne of plastic displaces electricity if burned and granulate if recycled — but the two credits are not the same size and cannot both be granted to one stream. The waste hierarchy, EN 15804 Table 13 and the formulae.
Read moreA tonne of recovered aluminium and a tonne of paper do not earn the same credit. The primary and secondary route, the order of magnitude of the credit and the specific trap for each of six materials.
Read moreThe two quiet multipliers of a recovery credit: yield, which describes process loss, and the substitution ratio, which describes quality. Catalogue yields by material, the moisture correction and downcycling.
Read moreA recovery calculation measures how much greenhouse gas and primary energy is avoided compared with the scenario in which a waste stream is not recovered. The formula, the four inputs and a worked 100-tonne PET example.
Read moreIn packaging the functional unit is not 'one box' but the amount of product protected. The trade-off between light-weighting, recycled content and food waste.
Read moreLevel(s) is not a certificate but a common measurement language. Its six macro-objectives, indicator structure and relationship with existing schemes.
Read moreCircularity is not an environmental benefit in itself — it has to be measured. When recycling wins, and when it does not.
Read moreIn Turkey, Zero Waste is not a campaign but a system mandated by regulation. Who it covers, how the certificate works, and how the waste data feeds an LCA.
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