13 min read
From inventory to verified EPD: the end-to-end LCA workflow in clca
The five phases of an EPD project from declared-unit definition to the verifier package: inventory, calculation, QA, report and lock.
Read moreecoinvent
Every clca article tagged “ecoinvent” — 9 technical pieces covering the topic from methodology, standards interpretation and practical application angles.
9 articles
10 min read
Background data selection with ecoinvent 3.12: activity, geography and electricity mix
The three decisions in background data selection — right activity, right geography, right electricity mix — can move the result more than the inventory itself.
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11 min readData & Methods
LCI databases: choosing between ecoinvent, EF and sector datasets
Choosing a background database is not a technical detail but a methodological decision that changes the result. Coverage, system models and why you must not mix.
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10 min readData & Methods
Primary and secondary data: which to collect for which line
Modelling everything with primary data is neither possible nor necessary. The foreground-background split and allocating a data collection budget well.
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11 min readData & Methods
ecoinvent v3.12: what's new, and how clca exposes the cut-off / consequential / APOS variants
ecoinvent v3.12 was released in September 2025. New datasets, updated Turkish grid mix, the three system-model variants and automatic electricity calculation in clca.
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10 min readFundamentals
What is a life cycle inventory (LCI)?
LCI is the phase where every flow in and out of the system is counted. An LCA’s quality is decided here — and so is most of its effort.
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10 min read
How to choose LCA software: eight evaluation criteria
Comparing feature lists misleads. What actually decides it is database access, verifiability and fit with your workflow.
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9 min readFundamentals
What is an emission factor? Where to find one and how to choose
The multiplier in every carbon calculation. The source you pick moves the result noticeably, and the wrong factor is the most common calculation error.
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12 min readFundamentals
How is a product life cycle (LCA) calculated? In six steps
The whole flow from functional unit to result table. What data to collect, where to get it, and how quickly a first calculation can be finished.
Read moreRelated topics
- fundamentals23
- data quality15
- EN 1580414
- EPD12
- CBAM11
- building LCA10
- embodied carbon9
- sector LCA9
- life cycle assessment8
- Scope 38
- construction product EPD7
- recycled content7
- corporate carbon footprint6
- functional unit6
- verification6
- biogenic carbon5
- embedded emissions5
- ISO 140405
- PCR5
- carbon footprint5
- carbon pricing4
- circular economy4
- CSRD4
- EN 159784
- end-of-life scenario4
- environmental claim4
- EPD program operator4
- green building4
- impact categories4
- Module D4
- system boundary4
- CO2 equivalent3
- data collection3
- Digital Product Passport3
- electricity emission factor3
- emission factor3
- energy efficiency3
- environmental regulation3
- export compliance3
- green building certification3
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