Green Building & Construction

Where EPDs sit inside LEED, BREEAM, DGNB and Level(s); building-level embodied carbon (EN 15978), material selection and whole-life carbon assessment.

10 articles

2026-05-289 min read

EPD requirements in tenders: green public procurement and private specifications

EPDs are shifting from marketing document to tender pre-qualification requirement. How specifications are written, and how to meet them.

2026-05-2710 min read

BIM and LCA integration: from the model to embodied carbon

A BIM model already contains a bill of quantities. The real obstacle to connecting it to LCA is not software but material mapping.

2026-05-2611 min read

Carbon optimisation through material selection: where to start

Trying to optimise every material wastes effort. The Pareto distribution, the weight of the structure and the five decisions that actually move the number.

2026-05-259 min read

Level(s): Europe's common framework for sustainable buildings

Level(s) is not a certificate but a common measurement language. Its six macro-objectives, indicator structure and relationship with existing schemes.

2026-05-249 min read

DGNB and the German market: where an EPD is close to mandatory

DGNB puts life cycle assessment at the centre of the system. For a manufacturer exporting to Germany, an EPD is an entry ticket rather than an option.

2026-05-239 min read

BREEAM Mat 01: how the life cycle impacts credit works

BREEAM assesses materials by building element rather than one by one. The logic of Mat 01 and what it means for a manufacturer.

2026-05-2210 min read

EPD credits in LEED: which document earns which points

LEED's materials credits tie points directly to product EPDs. The different weight of product-specific and industry-average EPDs, and embodied carbon reduction.

2026-05-2110 min read

Whole life carbon: reading the A, B, C and D modules together

Optimising embodied and operational carbon separately gives the wrong answer. Cross-module trade-offs and the right place for Module D.

2026-05-2012 min read

Building LCA under EN 15978: end-to-end from data collection to result

A building LCA is the work of assembling product EPDs. The bill of quantities, scenario definitions and setting the reference study period.

2026-05-1911 min read

What is embodied carbon? Definition, boundaries and benchmarks at building scale

As operational carbon falls, embodied carbon has become the dominant share. Which modules count, and which benchmarks apply?

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