10 min read
Paper and board LCA: pulping route, recovered fibre and the energy balance
A paper mill is both a large energy consumer and a potential energy producer. Kraft, recovered fibre and the black liquor balance.
Read moreenergy efficiency
Every clca article tagged “energy efficiency” — 3 technical pieces covering the topic from methodology, standards interpretation and practical application angles.
3 articles
10 min read
Glass LCA: cullet ratio, furnace campaigns and the transport paradox
The single strongest lever in glass is cullet ratio. Melting energy, soda ash process emissions and what weight costs in transport.
Read more10 min read
Ceramics LCA: firing energy, thickness and heat recovery
One line decides ceramic impact: the kiln. What glazing, drying and thin-body technology actually do to the total.
Read moreRelated topics
- fundamentals20
- data quality15
- EN 1580412
- CBAM11
- building LCA10
- EPD10
- embodied carbon9
- sector LCA9
- ecoinvent8
- Scope 38
- construction product EPD7
- life cycle assessment7
- recycled content7
- corporate carbon footprint6
- biogenic carbon5
- embedded emissions5
- functional unit5
- ISO 140405
- carbon footprint5
- verification5
- carbon pricing4
- circular economy4
- CSRD4
- EN 159784
- end-of-life scenario4
- environmental claim4
- EPD program operator4
- green building4
- impact categories4
- Module D4
- CO2 equivalent3
- data collection3
- Digital Product Passport3
- electricity emission factor3
- emission factor3
- environmental regulation3
- export compliance3
- green building certification3
- uncertainty analysis3
- PCR3
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